![]() It is a very shrewd and just remark, and the important and original point was the dwarf could see a little further than the giant. ![]() is not a great claim neither, however, is it an example of abasement before the shrine of antiquity. In 1159, John wrote in his Metalogicon : " Bernard of Chartres used to say that we are like dwarfs on the shoulders of giants, so that we can see more than they, and things at a greater distance, not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on our part, or any physical distinction, but because we are carried high and raised up by their giant size." (" Dicebat Bernardus Carnotensis nos esse quasi nanos, gigantium humeris insidentes, ut possimus plura eis et remotiora videre, non utique proprii visus acumine, aut eminentia corporis, sed quia in altum subvenimur et extollimur magnitudine gigantea")Īccording to medieval historian Richard Southern, Bernard is comparing the modern scholar (12th century) to the ancient scholars of Greece and Rome : sums up the quality of the cathedral schools in the history of learning, and indeed characterizes the age which opened with Gerbert (950-1003) and Fulbert (960-1028) and closed in the first quarter of the 12th century with Peter Abelard. The attribution to Bernard is due to John of Salisbury. 3 Application to the free software movement.2 References during the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. ![]()
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